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Clarify requirements before you design — kept separate from your stage notes.

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Booking Waitlist System Design

Visual Problem Diagram

Booking Waitlist System Design architecture diagram

Scenario

A sold-out concert has a huge waitlist. When one ticket is cancelled, the system must offer it fairly, give one user a time-limited window, handle notification delay, and prevent two waitlisted users from accepting the same spot.

Design a booking waitlist for sold-out events or appointments: users join a queue, receive an offer when capacity frees, and get a time-limited window to accept. Fairness and no double-sale are the core requirements.

You should support join, leave, promotion on cancellation, offer notification, accept, decline, expiry, audit, and abuse controls. Be ready to explain why the waitlist can offer a chance, but the booking service still owns inventory truth.

Constraints

Functional

Join waitlist, leave waitlist, promote next user, create time-limited offer, notify by channel, accept or decline, expire offer, create booking.

Non-functional

Fair order according to a stated policy, no double booking, durable audit, notification retries, idempotent accept, bounded promotion lag.

Scale

Hot resources with hundreds of thousands of waiting users, cancellation bursts, provider notification limits, bots trying to game position.

Stages ahead

1Requirement Analysis
2API Design
3High-Level Design
4HLD Extensions
5Trade-offs

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