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Clarify requirements before you design — kept separate from your stage notes.

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Cryptocurrency Exchange System Design

Visual Problem Diagram

Cryptocurrency Exchange System Design architecture diagram

Scenario

Bitcoin dumps 15% in ten minutes—matching engine must process 50K orders/s with price-time priority while withdrawals queue to avoid a hot wallet drain. Order book, matching, and wallet security are separate concerns from blockchain full nodes.

Design a cryptocurrency exchange with order placement, matching, balances, deposits/withdrawals, and market data feeds. Matching correctness and fund security dominate over UI polish.

You should support limit/market orders, order book, trade execution, wallet ledger, and real-time tickers. Be ready to explain price-time priority, WAL durability, and hot/cold wallet split.

Constraints

Functional

Place/cancel orders, order book, match trades, balances, deposit/withdraw, market data websocket

Non-functional

< 10 ms match latency, deterministic ordering, 99.99% trading availability, secure funds

Scale

1M users, 50K orders/s peak per liquid pair, billions daily volume

Stages ahead

1Requirement Analysis
2API Design
3High-Level Design
4HLD Extensions
5Trade-offs

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