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Clarify requirements before you design — kept separate from your stage notes.

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Google Maps System Design

Visual Problem Diagram

Google Maps System Design architecture diagram

Scenario

Reroute 10M drivers after a bridge closure without recomputing paths from scratch on every GPS ping. Tile serving, routing graphs, and live traffic ingestion are separate systems—clicking a pin is easy; ETA honesty at scale is the interview.

Design a mapping system providing map display, search/geocoding, turn-by-turn routing, and ETAs with live traffic. This combines CDN tile serving with graph algorithms and streaming traffic updates.

You should support map tiles, place search, route planning, ETA, and traffic-aware weights. Be ready to explain preprocessing vs online routing.

Constraints

Functional

Map tiles, geocode/search, directions, ETA, traffic layer, place details

Non-functional

< 200 ms tile load, route compute < 1s typical, global coverage, offline packs optional

Scale

1B users, billions routing requests/day, petabyte map data, millions traffic probes/min

Stages ahead

1Requirement Analysis
2API Design
3High-Level Design
4HLD Extensions
5Trade-offs

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