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Google Maps System Design
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Scenario
Reroute 10M drivers after a bridge closure without recomputing paths from scratch on every GPS ping. Tile serving, routing graphs, and live traffic ingestion are separate systems—clicking a pin is easy; ETA honesty at scale is the interview.
Design a mapping system providing map display, search/geocoding, turn-by-turn routing, and ETAs with live traffic. This combines CDN tile serving with graph algorithms and streaming traffic updates.
You should support map tiles, place search, route planning, ETA, and traffic-aware weights. Be ready to explain preprocessing vs online routing.
Constraints
Map tiles, geocode/search, directions, ETA, traffic layer, place details
< 200 ms tile load, route compute < 1s typical, global coverage, offline packs optional
1B users, billions routing requests/day, petabyte map data, millions traffic probes/min
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